While the judge determines issues of law, the jury must decide issues of fact and apply those facts to the law in the case. Some examples of a factual dispute are:

• The identity of the accused is disputed;
• The accused denies the damage was caused by his actions; or
• The accused admits guilt but disputes some of the allegations made.

Sometimes factual disputes are very difficult to resolve.

For example, optical illusions are images or pictures that we perceive differently than they really are. Optical illusions can use color, light, and patterns to create images that can be deceptive or misleading to our brains.

Auditory illusions are false perceptions of a real sound or outside stimulus. The listener hears sounds that are not present in the stimulus or sounds that should not be possible given the circumstances of how they were created.

Different people will often see or hear these illusions differently because everyone’s brain works in different ways. This is similar to how juries evaluate the factual disputes in a courtroom because everyone’s brain is going to evaluate the facts differently to reach the verdict.